James Madison, 4th President of the United States, wrote this essay on how to mitigate the “mischiefs of faction” in government in 1787. He noted the need to find balance – “In the first place, it is to be remarked that, however small the republic may be, the representatives must be raised to a certain number, in order to guard against the cabals of a few; and that, however large it may be, they must be limited to a certain number, in order to guard against the confusion of a multitude.”
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